Nurturing bright minds in the realm of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is paramount to shaping a future brimming with innovation. By providing students with a robust and engaging STEM education, we equip them with the critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and creativity necessary to tackle the pressing challe

Semiconductors play a vital role in modern electronics due to their ability to control the flow of electricity under specific conditions. They can be broadly classified into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Intrinsic semiconductors, such as pure silicon or germanium, possess limited conductivity because their valence band is